OCT Application Before and After Cataract Surgery

Optical coherence tomography (OCT), especially anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT), plays an important role in ophthalmology. With the technology evolving from time-domain to spectral-domain, more and more detailed ocular information has become available. Anterior segment OCT provides particularly useful information for cataract surgeons. This chapter focuses mainly on AS-OCT evaluation of eyes before and after cataract surgery. Four aspects including: (1) anterior lens capsule and lens epithelium evaluation using spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT); (2) investigation of clear corneal incision in femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery using SD-OCT; (3) capsular block syndrome evaluation before and after treatment using SD-OCT; (4) IOL power calculation in post-myopic excimer laser eyes using SD-OCT, will be discussed in this chapter

Adenovirus-mediated sphingomyelin synthase 2 increases atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE KO mice

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) contributes to de novo sphingomyelin (SM) biosynthesis. Its activity is related to SM levels in the plasma and the cell membrane. In this study, we investigated the possibility of a direct relationship between SMS and atherosclerosis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The Adenovirus containing SMS2 gene was given into 10-week ApoE KO C57BL/6J mice by femoral intravenous injection. In the control group, the Adenovirus containing GFP was given. To confirm this model, we took both mRNA level examination (RT-PCR) and protein level examination (SMS activity assay).</p> <p>Result</p> <p>We generated recombinant adenovirus vectors containing either human SMS2 cDNA (AdV-SMS2) or GFP cDNA (AdV-GFP). On day six after intravenous infusion of 2 × 10¹¹particle numbers into ten-week-old apoE KO mice, AdV-SMS2 treatment significantly increased liver SMS2 mRNA levels and SMS activity (by 2.7-fold, 2.3-fold, p < 0.001, respectively), compared to AdV-GFP treated mice. Moreover, plasma total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and sphingomyelin (SM) levels were significantly increased by 39% (p < 0.05), 42% (p < 0.05), 68% (p < 0.001), and 45% (p < 0.05), respectively. Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and PC/SM ratio were decreased by 42% (p < 0.05), 18% (p < 0.05), and 45% (p < 0.05), respectively. On day 30, the atherosclerotic lesions on the aortic arch of AdV-SMS2 treated mice were increased, and the lesion areas on the whole aorta and in the aortic root were significantly increased (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the collagen content in the aorta root was significantly decreased (p < 0.01).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results present direct morphological evidence for the pro-atherogenic capabilities of SMS2. SMS2 could be a potential target for treating atherosclerosis.</p

Effects of morphological traits on living body weight of wild Cyclina sinensis in different geographical populations

Eleven coastal geographical populations of wild Cyclina sinensis in China were collected in February 2020, and the effects of four morphological traits (shell length; shell height; shell width; external ligament length) on one weight trait (living body weight) were studied by correlation analysis, path analysis, determination coefficient analysis, and regression analyses. The statistical results showed that the coefficient of body weight variation was generally greater than morphological traits(P＜0.05). The correlation analysis results showed that the coefficient of correlation between morphological traits (except for external ligament length) and body weight are significantly positive (P＜0.05) in all populations. Based on the results of path analysis and determination coefficient analysis, shell length has the greatest direct effect on body weight in the Yancheng population; shell height has the greatest direct effect on body weight in Dandong, Fuzhou and Tangshan populations; shell width has the greatest direct effect on body weight in Zhanjiang, Wenzhou, Dongtai, Ningbo, Tianjin, Dongying, and Wanning populations. Multiple regression equations were obtained with body weight as the dependent variable, shell length, height, and width and external ligament length as independent variables. The results of systematic clustering showed that there are no apparent geographical differentiation characteristics among eleven geographical populations in morphology. This study provided a scientific basis for selective and genetic breeding and can guide the development and utilization of wild C. sinensis seed resources

Comparison of Mean Corneal Power of Annular Rings and Zones Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography

This study aims to investigate differences in the mean corneal power of annular zones (corneal power measured over the inner annular zone of difference diameters) and rings (corneal power measured over a ring of different diameters) centered on the corneal apex using the swept-source optical coherence tomography technique. The mean anterior axial curvature (AAC), posterior axial curvature (PAC), and total corneal power (TCP) centered on the corneal apex with the annular rings (0-2 mm, 2-4 mm, 4-6 mm, and 6-8 mm) and zones were assessed using the ANTERION device. The paired-sample t-test was used for data comparison. For the 0-2 mm comparison, the AAC, PAC, and TCP values of rings and zones were interchangeable. For the 2-4 mm comparison, the AAC of the rings was lower than that of the zones (p = 0.004), and the TCP values of the rings were higher than that of the zones (p < 0.001). For the 4-6 mm comparison, the AAC of the rings was lower than that of the zones (p < 0.001), and the PAC and TCP values of the rings were higher than that of the zones (both p < 0.001). For the 6-8 mm comparison, the AAC of the rings was lower than that of the zones (p < 0.001), and the PAC and TCP values of the rings were higher than that of the zones (both p < 0.001). Comparisons between AAC and TCP in each sub-region showed significant differences both in the rings (p < 0.001) and the zones (p < 0.008). Differences in the AAC, PAC, and TCP measured at different diameters (2-4 mm, 4-6 mm, and 6-8 mm) of the rings and zones, centered on the corneal apex, should be noticed in clinical practice. As the diameter increases, the difference between the rings and the zones in terms of AAC, PAC, and TCP increase as well. Clinicians should also pay attention to differences between AAC and TCP for the rings and the zones within the same annular region.Peer reviewe

Comparison Study of the Two Biometers Based on Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Technology

This research aimed to investigate the potential differences in the parameters, including axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), flat keratometry (Kf), steep keratometry (Ks), mean keratometry (Km), astigmatism, white-to-white (WTW) distance, acquired rate, and intraocular lens (TOL) power, between the two swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) biometers, the ANTERION (biometer A) and IOLMaster 700 (biometer B). In a prospective observational comparative case series study, we enrolled 198 eyes undergoing cataract surgery. The AL, CCT, ACD, LT, Kf, Ks, Km, astigmatism, WTW, acquired rate, and IOL power were assessed. McNemar tests compared the acquired rate, and the paired sample t-test compared the quantitative measurement results between the groups. Nineteen eyes were excluded owing to missing AL data for either biometer. Finally, data from 179 eyes were analyzed. Between the two devices, no significant difference was found in AL, astigmatism magnitude, J0, and J45, while significant differences existed in CCT, ACD, LT, Kf, Ks, Km, WTW, astigmatism axis, and IOL power; no statistical significance was found in the AL acquired rate (biometer A, 90.9% and biometer B, 93.9%). Approximately 65.4% of eyes demonstrated >= 0.5-D difference in IOL power between the two biometers. In conclusion, the two biometers showed significant differences in all measurements (CCT, ACD, LT, K, WTW, astigmatism axis, and IOL power), except for AL.Peer reviewe

A hybrid ensemble forecasting model of passenger flow based on improved variational mode decomposition and boosting

An accurate passenger flow forecast can provide key information for intelligent transportation and smart cities, and help promote the development of smart cities. In this paper, a mixed passenger flow forecasting model based on the golden jackal optimization algorithm (GJO), variational mode decomposition (VMD) and boosting algorithm was proposed. First, the data characteristics of the original passenger flow sequence were extended. Second, an improved variational modal decomposition method based on the Sobol sequence improved GJO algorithm was proposed. Next, according to the sample entropy of each intrinsic mode function (IMF), IMF with similar complexity is combined into a new subsequence. Finally, according to the determination rules of the sub-sequence prediction model, the boosting modeling and prediction of different sub-sequences were carried out, and the final passenger flow prediction result was obtained. Based on the experimental results of three scenic spots, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the mixed set model is 0.0797, 0.0424 and 0.0849, respectively. The fitting degree reached 95.33%, 95.63% and 95.97% simultaneously. The results show that the hybrid model proposed in this study has high prediction accuracy and can provide reliable information sources for relevant departments, scenic spot managers and tourists